The Latest Proton Model As tested by AI proves that the Proton Model of Quark is Wrong
Till now the atomic model which we have been studying in school and college is wrong because scientists have proved with the help of Artificial Intelligence (AI) that the fundamental structure of protons present in atoms is actually wrong.
Journey of Development of Atomic Model
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In 1900, people did not think that the atom was the smallest particle, but in 1911, E. Ruther Ford through his experiment, figured out the sub-atomic particles and their exact positions, where are the fundamental particles, protons, neutrons and electrons in an atom. In fact, in 1911, Rutherford again tested this question by doing the famous Gold Foil Experiment.
In the experiment, he got a bomb of positive alpha particles collided with a gold foil and saw that the majority of alpha particles passed through the foil but there were some particles which were bouncing back i.e. they were being repelled now positively. The repulsion of charged alpha particles was proving that they are being repelled from the G point, there must be some positive charge present there, so on the basis of this experiment, Rutherford presented a new atomic model in which positively charged protons and neutrons are atoms. The center is present in the nucleus and the electrons are revolving it in further circles of the nucleus.
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This atomic model of Rutherford was still incomplete, there was still a major flow in it, which was later solved by one of his students, Neils Bohr.
According to Rutherford’s atomic model, electrons revolve in round circles of the nucleus and in such a situation, according to classical physics, they will emit radiation, due to which their energy will keep decreasing. As a result, the electrons will start rotating in a spiral manner in the circle and finally They will go inside the nucleus, they will collide, the nucleus will become light as if the atom becomes unstable. Now due to this instability flag, Rutherford’s atomic model was proved wrong.
After 2 years in 1913, Neil Bohr, a student of Rutherford’s made some changes in his theory and presented a new atomic model. According to his atomic model, electrons do not radiate energy while revolving in specific stationary orbits, but this radiation occurs only when the electrons jump from one orbit to another.
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Now this theory is widely accepted due to many genuine explanations and evidence. Most of the scientists thought that there is no need to know anything further because we have already found the smallest particles and also understood their working mechanisms till the year 1936 when some physicists Such a particle has been discovered.
Its properties were similar to those of an electron but better than that. Then in the year 1936, when American physicist Kal Anderson, in an experiment, almost froze water vapor and created a cloud chamber through which the newly energetic particles passed through. Passed and in this experiment he detected some particles which were negatively charged like electrons but their match was more than that of electrons and hence he classified these particles as new particles which were named Wants and so on.
Over the next several years, scientists discovered many such particles whose properties did not exactly match those of the proton and the electron. The number of these particles kept increasing. Again, Smorable and George thought that the particles that were considered fundamental till date could be exactly like this.
It is possible that those particles are also made of some other particle and in 1964, a theory was presented on this according to which all these particles and even the proton are made of an elementary particle called Box, which is responsible for the quantum properties of all these particles like charge and spin.
The Scienario of Proton Model Before The AI
Let’s decide that he had also theoretically calculated some properties of the corpus but till now it was only a hypothesis and that is why scientists got busy in proving its experimental proof and perhaps it would have been possible if the technology had been quite advanced and like today. A lot of these exist because while it took many years for scientists to perform these experiments, if they were there then it would have reduced to a few. We were talking that the concept was only a hypothesis till now and their predicted properties were not proof.
To do this, scientists conducted a number of particle acceleration experiments at the Stanford Liner Accelerator in California from 1976 to 1973, where electrons were thrown at very high speeds on the proton, thereby breaking the proton and releasing the particles inside it. The detector could be used and in this way they came to know that the proton is actually made of two up and one down quark and are connected to each other through gluons. The gluons are basically the particles which mediate the strong nuclear force. Now all these particles were so small that to detect them, scientists had to repeat this experiment several times with different speeds of electrons, but in one such experiment, they found that there is a possibility of charm quark although it was practically impossible for any charm quark to be there because it was much more heavier.
They found that a charm quark is 1.5 times more heavier than that of a proton and that is why scientists finally tells that the existing Proton model of up , up and down quark as true. But after the quantum mechanics was discovered the existence of charm quark needs to be tasted again.
Changing Concept of Proton Model
According to Quantum physics proton has no fixer nor is it made up of only three boxes. In fact, it is made up of one ocean in which both quark and anti-quarks are present. But when we capture protons, then these protons In order to conserve the properties like color charge and spin and keep it stable, all these quarks cancel out with their anti-quarks and only three quarks ( u,u,d) are left. In this we have to study till date and till now the scientists have studied. There were also such observations made by Le Cee and that is why he thought of studying the protons in more detail and now there are six types of functions. Among them up, down and strange quarks are lighter, while the top, bottom and charm quarks are on the heavier side.As the Charm quark is lighter in the heavier group the scientists first thought of detecting inside the proton model wheather charm quark exist or not.
To study elementary particles, scientists took the help of Again World’s Large Hadron Collider and in it, protons collided with each other at high speed for many years, but in these collisions The results they got were very different, I mean in collision they got them in the evening but they had no proof of whether it was intrinsic or extrinsic.
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Basically the intrinsic factor which is naturally present in quarks proton and the external factors which they did through experience. Many scientists said that the gluons that they found, which keep the particles closed with glue, like we said, were formed due to the splitting of the strong nuclear force. All the cell detectors that have been done are the result of how gluons behave in high energy, but from these observations, they felt that perhaps less energy would be present in it in the evening and that is why they thought of continuing this research like this.
Testing Proton Model with AI
But After some time, he came to know that if he continued to start this process manually, it would take many years to get accurate results and then he got the idea that why not take the help of AI, now with the help of AI, he would be able to get single in one time. For testing the Proton model, they could test more models simultaneously and finally they got the answer to the question they were waiting for. For this testing, they used a neural network to analyze the proton lessons learned over the last 35 years.
Trained to do Now as we know every fundamental particle has its own wave function i.e. physical state and that is why scientists have put your wave function in It and proton in the lesson data. So basically, how did they analyze the progress of neural networking?
Analysis of Proton Model
Let us understand it with the help of a simple example. Basically, there are three layers in a neural network, one is the input layer which receives the input, the other is the output layer which predicts the output and There is a hidden layer between these two which performs all the computations. Suppose this is the circle, your wave function is the triangle, the wave function and the square is the wave function of the up quark. Now let us consider to understand how exactly this process happened.
The first thing that happens is that the circle is divided into pixels and each pixel is passed to each neuron present in the information input layer, after that the alternate neurons of the input layers are passed to the neuron of the next layer. They are connected through channels and each of these channels has its own weight as you can see on the photo, then this weight is multiplied with the information sent to the input layer and then the output of both is transferred to the neuron of the down layers. Each neuron in the hidden layer has its own numerical value which is added to the value coming from the input layer and sent to the action function. This action function determines whether the particular neuron in the hidden layer is activated.
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Should it be done or not and then the activated data is transmitted to the neurons of the output layer and the process is repeated from that too and this entire process is called forward propagation. Now in the output layer, only the neurons whose value is highest get activated. And output detectors and scientists also found out with the help of your wave function whether the proton model has charm quark or not and after analyzing the data of the last 35 years they came to know that the proton has charm quark. Thus we can finally conclude that in the latest proton model there are actually 4 quarks as mentioned in the given figure below.
After this result, theoretical physicist Tim Hubbs thought of making electron on the leader for concrete proof of this proton model because in the same way, with the help of large hydronic colloider, scientists had given proof of the existence of Higgs boson particle for the first time. This revolutionary proton model as tested by AI will increase the speed and accuracy in studying particle physics in future.
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