Strange Alien Signals from the Scutum Constellation
On May 1st, 2024, at 12 o’clock at night, if you look east, you will see the Scutum constellation without a telescope just above the ground. Last year, in September, an Australian research team detected a mysterious alien signal coming from the direction of the Scutum constellation. This signal kept flashing continuously for about 5 minutes and then suddenly disappeared and came back exactly after 22 minutes. The signal has been getting to us continuously for the last 35 years, and yet, we have not been able to find its exact source. Every time, just one message would pop up on the computer screen: “Match not found.”
Is there any alien civilization trying to tell us its location through this strange radio signal? Or are there some objects in this universe that scientists have not been able to understand completely yet, and these radio waves are emitting from them?
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The Discovery of the Signal
This weird alien signal was discovered by an undergraduate student, Tyrone O’Doherty, for his ordinary college project. O’Doherty was identifying unknown blinking radio signals from old data of the southern sky. He found a alien signal from 2018 data that was throwing the beam towards the Earth like a beam coming from a lighthouse. When O’Doherty told his mentor, radio astronomer Natasha Hurley Walker, about this beam, she started researching the same.
They found another signal similar to the one found in the Scutum constellation near Sagittarius, which kept coming back every 22 minutes. They named it J183910. When studying the past radio data of that entire region, they found out that this signal has been continuously repeating every 22 minutes for the past 35 years. The signal gives a strong radio burst for 5 minutes.
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Pulsars: The Probable Source
When comparing the old data with the new signal, they found similarities in the blinking patterns. The old signals were emitting from neutron stars known as pulsars. Pulsars are super dense neutron stars that rotate very fast, emitting radio waves due to the acceleration of particles in their magnetic fields. The magnetic axis and rotation axis of a pulsar are not always the same, causing the emitted radiation to periodically point towards Earth.
Scientists plotted all the pulsars on a graph based on their rotation period to study their behavior. This helped them realize that the recently found radio signal is indeed because of pulsars.
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The Mystery of the Alien Signal
Now, the pulsation period of normal pulsars is between 0.25 to 2 seconds. This is why all pulsars are found in this region. However, due to continuous rotation, pulsars start losing their energy. As the energy decreases, the rotation speed decreases, which in turn increases the pulsation period. This leads the pulsars to move into a region called the “death valley”. In this region, the rotation rate of the pulsars slows down to such an extent that they have difficulty emitting radio waves. When pulsars cross the death line, their rotation slows down to the point where they are unable to emit radio waves.
However, astronomers were baffled when they plotted a signal that was emitting radio waves beyond the death line. This signal was definitely not a pulsar. There is a special category of pulsars called magnetars, which have a magnetic field 1000 times stronger than normal pulsars and slightly longer pulsation periods. Scientists thought that magnetars might explain this signal, but when they plotted a magnetar on the graph, it did not match the signal. Magnetars emit X-rays along with radio waves, but the signal they got was only emitting radio waves, ruling out the possibility of it being a magnetar.
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There is another special category of stars called white dwarf pulsars, which may possibly match this strange signal. White dwarf pulsars are white dwarfs that pulsate like pulsars. Usually, white dwarfs do not pulsate because their magnetic field is not as strong as pulsars. However, when white dwarfs become 0.8 times as massive as the sun, they become dense enough to generate a strong magnetic field. The only difference is that white dwarfs are originally made up of electrons, whereas pulsars are made up of neutrons. When the charged electrons in white dwarfs come in contact with the magnetic field, they emit periodic light flashes like pulsars. The pulsation period of white dwarf pulsars is 100 to 1000 seconds, which is opposite to pulsars. The period of the recently observed signal is 22 minutes, which is equivalent to 1320 seconds. Although this value is outside the range of white dwarf pulsars, it is the closest match among the known pulsating stars.
Therefore, it is expected that this mysterious radio signal is coming from a white dwarf pulsar. This shows how many things in the universe we still do not fully understand. For example, there are also mysterious supernova explosions, such as the scary barbie explosion, which emit 100 times more energy than any known supernova explosion.
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